Aplicações médico-nutricionais da impedância bioelétrica (BIA) no paciente criticamente doente: uma revisão narrativa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35454/rncm.v6n2.478Palavras-chave:
Estado Terminal, Impedância Elétrica, Estado Nutricional, Composição Corporal, Resultados de Cuidados CríticosResumo
Na última década, a avaliação da composição corporal em pacientes críticos tornou-se um elemento chave devido à sua relação com os resultados clínicos. A bioimpedância (BIA) é uma ferramenta disponível para medir a composição corporal, promovida por seu baixo custo, segurança e facilidade de uso em comparação com outros dispositivos. Existem diversos equipamentos BIA no mercado que utilizam diferentes correntes, geralmente 50 kilohertz (kHz). Existem vários parâmetros para conhecer as condições musculares, como impedância, ângulo de fase (PhA) e a relação entre reatância (R) e resistência (Xc). O PhA mede a R e a Xc do músculo, fornecendo informações sobre a quantidade e o estado da membrana celular do músculo esquelético. Tem sido proposto que o PhA seja um marcador prognóstico em pacientes críticos quando seu valor varie entre 4,1° e 6°. A BIA tem grande aplicabilidade em pacientes críticos para identificar o risco nutricional, monitorar uma intervenção e avaliar seu impacto nos desfechos clínicos. A técnica de medição deve ser padronizada e validada para a população específica, o que permitiria a comparação dos resultados entre os estudos. Além disso, a BIA ajuda como um fator prognóstico para identificar os pacientes com alto risco de internação na unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI), permanência prolongada na UTI e hospitalização, ventilação mecânica, deterioração funcional e mortalidade. Conhecer a evidência existente sobre as aplicações da BIA e sua relação com os resultados clínicos em pacientes críticos é essencial para tomada de decisões.
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Copyright (c) 2023 Mateo Londoño Pereira, Fernando José Pereira Paternina, Jeniffer Liliana Jáuregui Durán, Janeth Barbosa Barbosa
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