Effect of a low-calorie ketogenic diet on body composition in overweight and obese adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35454/rncm.v4n3.273Keywords:
Diet ketogenic, Overweight, Obesity, Meta-AnalysisAbstract
Low-calorie ketogenic diet is known for its effect on reducing body weight. Healthy weight loss should reduce the body fat and maintain the muscle mass, but previous meta-analyses have not evaluated these changes. The objective of this meta-analysis was to quantify the effect of ketogenic diet compared to a hypocaloric diet, on changes in body composition in overweight adults.
Downloads
References
Castellana M, Conte E, Cignarelli A, et al. Efficacy and safety of very low calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) in patients with overweight and obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2020;21(1):5-16. doi: 10.1007/s11154-019-09514-y
Bueno NB, De Melo ISV, De Oliveira SL, et al. Very-low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet v. low-fat diet for long-term weight loss: A meta-analysis of Randomised controlled trials. Br J Nutr. 2013;110(7):1178-87. doi: 10.1017/S0007114513000548
Fasulo L, Semprino M, Caraballo R. El equipo multidisciplinario en la aplicación clínica de la dieta cetogénica [Multidisciplinary teamwork in the clinical application of the ketogenic diet]. Medicina (B Aires). 2019;79(3):225-231
Cederholm T, Barazzoni R, Austin P, et al. ESPEN guidelines on definitions and terminology of clinical nutrition. Clin Nutr. 2017;36(1):49-64. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2016.09.004
Pamuk B, Yilmaz H, Kebapçilar L, et al. The effect of orlistat and weight loss diet on plasma ghrelin and obestatin. J Res Med Sci. 2018;23(1):95. doi: 10.4103/jrms.JRMS_928_17
Nguyen NT, Varela JE. Bariatric surgery for obesity and metabolic disorders: State of the art. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017;14(3):160-9. doi: 10.1038/nrgastro.2016.170
Painter SL, Ahmed R, Kushner RF, et al. Expert coaching in weight loss: Retrospective analysis. J Med Internet Res. 2018;20(3):e92. doi: 10.2196/jmir.9738
Ardavani A, Aziz H, Smith K, et al. The Effects of Very Low Energy Diets and Low Energy Diets with Exercise Training on Skeletal Muscle Mass: A Narrative Review. Adv Ther. 2020;38(1):149-63. doi: 10.1007/s12325-020-01562-0
Rondanelli M, Faliva MA, Gasparri C, et al. Current opinion on dietary advice in order to preserve fat-free mass during a low-calorie diet. Nutrition. 2020;72:110667. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2019.110667
Beaudart C, Zaaria M, Pasleau F, et al. Health Outcomes of Sarcopenia : A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS One. 2017;12(1):e0169548. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169548
Ge L, Sadeghirad B, Ball GDC, et al. Comparison of dietary macronutrient patterns of 14 popular named dietary programmes for weight and cardiovascular risk factor reduction in adults: Systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised trials. BMJ. 2020;369(9):e230. doi: 10.1136/bmj.m696
Merra G, Gratteri S, De Lorenzo A, et al. Effects of very-low-calorie diet on body composition, metabolic state, and genes expression: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2017;21(2):329-45.
Romano L, Marchetti M, Gualtieri P, et al. Effects of a personalized VLCKD on body composition and resting energy expenditure in the reversal of diabetes to prevent complications. Nutrients. 2019;11(7):1526. doi: 10.3390/nu11071526
Gomez-Arbelaez D, Crujeiras AB, Castro AI, et al. Acid–base safety during the course of a very low-calorie-ketogenic diet. Endocrine. 2017;58(1):81-90. doi: 10.1007/s12020-017-1405-3
Feinman RD. The biochemistry of low-carbohydrate and ketogenic diets. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2020;27(5):261-8. doi: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000575
Di Rosa C, Lattanzi G, Taylor SF, et al. Very low calorie ketogenic diets in overweight and obesity treatment: Effects on anthropometric parameters, body composition, satiety, lipid profile and microbiota. Obes Res Clin Pract. 2020;14(6):491-503. doi: 10.1016/j.orcp.2020.08.009
Paoli A, Moro T, Bosco G, et al. Effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3) supplementation on some cardiovascular risk factors with a ketogenic mediterranean diet. Mar Drugs. 2015;13(2):996-09. doi: 10.3390/md13020996
Moreno B, Crujeiras AB, Bellido D, et al. Obesity treatment by very low-calorie-ketogenic diet at two years: reduction in visceral fat and on the burden of disease. Endocrine. 2016;54(3):681-90. doi: 10.1007/s12020-016-1050-2
Lee HS, Lee J. Effects of Combined Exercise and Low Carbohydrate Ketogenic Diet Interventions on Waist Circumference and Triglycerides in Overweight and Obese Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(2):828. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18020828
Naude CE, Schoonees A, Senekal M, et al. Low carbohydrate versus isoenergetic balanced diets for reducing weight and cardiovascular risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2014;9(7):e100652. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100652
Gomez-Arbelaez D, Bellido D, Castro AI, et al. Body composition changes after very-low-calorie ketogenic diet in obesity evaluated by 3 standardized methods. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2017;102(2):488-98. doi: 10.1210/jc.2016-2385
Perticone M, Maio R, Sciacqua A, et al. Ketogenic diet-induced weight loss is associated with an increase in Vitamin D levels in obese adults. Molecules. 2019;24(13):2499. doi: 10.3390/molecules24132499
Sajoux I, Lorenzo PM, Gomez-Arbelaez D, et al. Effect of a very-low-calorie ketogenic diet on circulating myokine levels compared with the effect of bariatric surgery or a low-calorie diet in patients with obesity. Nutrients. 2019;11(10):2368. doi: 10.3390/nu11102368
Saslow L, Daubenmier J, Moskowitz J, et al. Twelve-month outcomes of a randomized trial of a moderate-carbohydrate versus very low-carbohydrate diet in overweight adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus or prediabetes. Nutr Diabetes. 2017;(7):304. doi: 10.1038/s41387-017-0006-9
Goday A, Bellido D, Sajoux I, et al. Short-Term safety, tolerability and efficacy of a very low-calorie-ketogenic diet interventional weight loss program versus hypocaloric diet in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nutr Diabetes. 2016;6(9):e230. doi: 10.1038/nutd.2016.36
Rubini A, Bosco G, Lodi A, et al. Effects of Twenty Days of the Ketogenic Diet on Metabolic and Respiratory Parameters in Healthy Subjects. Lung. 2015;193(6):939-45. doi: 10.1007/s00408-015-9806-7
Hussain T, Mathew T, Dashti A, et al. Effect of low-calorie versus low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet in type 2 diabetes. Nutrition. 2012;28:1016-21. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2012.01.016
Westman E, Yancy W, Mavropoulos J, et al. The effect of a low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet versus a low-glycemic index diet on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nutr Metab (Lond). 2008;(5):36. doi: 10.1186/1743-7075-5-36
Johnston CS, Tjonn SL, Swan PD, et al. Ketogenic low-carbohydrate diets have no metabolic advantage over nonketogenic low-carbohydrate diets. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006;83(5):1055-61. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/83.5.1055
Yancy WS, Olsen MK, Guyton JR, et al. A Low-Carbohydrate, Ketogenic Diet versus a Low-Fat Diet to Treat Obesity and Hyperlipidemia: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. Ann Intern Med. 2004;140(10):769-77. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-140-10-200405180-00006
Mansoor N, Vinknes KJ, Veierod MB, et al. Effects of low-carbohydrate diets v. low-fat diets on body weight and cardiovascular risk factors a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Br J Nutr. 2016;115(3):466-79. doi: 10.1017/S0007114515004699
Sackner-Bernstein J, Kanter D, Kaul S. Dietary intervention for overweight and obese adults: comparison of low- carbohydrate and low-fat diets. a meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2015;10(10):e0139817. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139817
Tobias DK, Chen M, Manson JAE, et al. Effect of low-fat diet interventions versus other diet interventions on long-term weight change in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2015;3(12):968-79. doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(15)00367-8
Canuto R, Garcez A, de Souza RV, et al. Nutritional intervention strategies for the management of overweight and obesity in primary health care: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Obes Rev. 2021;22(3):e13143. doi: 10.1111/obr.13143
Fechner E, Smeets ETHC, Schrauwen P, et al. The effects of different degrees of carbohydrate restriction and carbohydrate replacement on cardiometabolic risk markers in humans—a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrients. 2020;12(4):991. doi: 10.3390/nu12040991
Choi YJ, Jeon SM, Shin S. Impact of a ketogenic diet on metabolic parameters in patients with obesity or overweight and with or without type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutrients. 2020;12(7):1-19. doi: 10.3390/nu12072005
Poggiogalle E, Parrinello E, Barazzoni R, et al. Therapeutic strategies for sarcopenic obesity: a systematic review. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2021;24(1):33-41. doi: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000000714
Paoli A, Cancellara P, Pompei P, et al. Ketogenic diet and skeletal muscle hypertrophy: A Frenemy relationship? J Hum Kinet. 2019;68(1):233-47. doi: 10.2478/hukin-2019-0071
Nakao R, Abe T, Yamamoto S, et al. Ketogenic diet induces skeletal muscle atrophy via reducing muscle protein synthesis and possibly activating proteolysis in mice. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):19614-52. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-56166-8
Churuangsuk C, Griffiths D, Lean MEJ, et al. Impacts of carbohydrate-restricted diets on micronutrient intakes and status: A systematic review. Obes Rev. 2019;20(8):1132-47. doi: 10.1111/obr.12857
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Gustavo Alfonso Díaz Muñoz, Angela María Castañeda-Gómez, María Paula Belalcázar Monsalve, Juan Pablo Zambrano Salazar, María Camila Bautista Velandia, Felipe Ballesteros Arbeláez
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.