Influencia de nutrientes y enfermedades metabólicas sobre la memoria: revisión de alcance
Palabras clave:
Deficiencia cognitiva, memoria, función cognitiva, nutrimentos, enfermedades metabólicasResumen
La influencia de la nutrición y enfermedades metabólicas, sobre otras enfermedades y el deterioro de la salud ha sido relevante durante los últimos años. Lo que despertó el interés por investigar una rama de poca atención en nutrición "neurociencia", en búsqueda de conocer la influencia de distintos nutrientes y enfermedades metabólicas sobre la memoria. El objetivo fue investigar la influencia de la vitamina A, D, B9 y B12; hierro, magnesio, zinc, ácidos grasos poliinsaturados (principalmente DHA), cafeína y enfermedades metabólicas como la obesidad, diabetes, hipertensión y dislipidemias, sobre la memoria.
Se realizó una búsqueda exhaustiva en bases de datos como PubMed, Scopus, EBSCO, sciELO, entre otros. Incluyendo estudios clínicos y observacionales (únicamente para las enfermedades metabólicas). Los criterios de inclusión fueron estudios publicados desde 2019, con un máximo de inicio de intervención de 2017. Se excluyeron estudios que no especificaron características de población, numero de población, dosis de intervención y métodos utilizados para evaluar la función cognitiva.
Se incluyeron 45 estudios, dentro de los que se encontró una mayor influencia positiva en micronutrientes como Vitamina A, B9 y B12; y minerales como Magnesio. Además, en estudios observacionales se demostró asociación positiva entre las enfermedades metabólicas y el desarrollo de deterioro cognitivo.
Dentro de las limitaciones principales, fue la cantidad y calidad de algunos estudios asociados a vitaminas y minerales, los cuales parecen tener una mayor influencia sobre la memoria, en comparación con la cafeína y ácidos grasos poliinsaturados (DHA). Las enfermedades metabólicas están relacionadas con deterioro cognitivo.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Fernando Emmanuel Garcini Enriquez, Claudia Nelly Orozco González
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