Factores que afectan la ingesta de alimentos en adultos mayores hospitalizados: una revisión narrativa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35454/rncm.v6n4.563Palabras clave:
Anciano, Dieta, Ingesta de alimentos, Deficiencia de proteína, HospitalizaciónResumen
Introducción: la desnutrición se asocia con una mayor estancia hospitalaria, tasas de reingreso y riesgo de mortalidad, especialmente en adultos mayores.
Objetivo: identificar los factores que afectan la ingesta de alimentos en adultos mayores hospitalizados.
Justificación: promover nuevas estrategias en la terapia nutricional hospitalaria en pacientes adultos mayores a través de la identificación de los factores que afectan la ingesta de alimentos de acuerdo con la revisión del presente estudio.
Material y métodos: búsqueda sistemática de estudios publicados en las bases de datos de Springer Link, Medline y Scopus a través de la plataforma PubMed en mayo de 2022, con una temporalidad de 20 años. Se buscaron por términos controlados como: anciano, dieta, ingestión de alimentos, consumo de alimentos, deficiencia de proteína y hospitalización.
Resultados: se encontraron 4508 artículos en inglés, de los cuales se seleccionaron 28 para el análisis del texto completo debido al cumplimiento de criterios de selección.
Conclusiones: el estado nutricional en adultos mayores hospitalizados presenta afectaciones por factores como la enfermedad, la reducción de la actividad física, la fatiga, la depresión y la presencia de síntomas como náuseas y vómitos, la alteración en el proceso de masticación y deglución, y presentar un menor nivel educativo. Los factores dietéticos y de servicio que se relacionan con la baja ingesta son la temperatura de la dieta, la textura, el sabor y la apariencia, así como el mismo entorno hospitalario.
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Derechos de autor 2023 Valentina García Campos, Jhon Jairo Bejarano-Roncancio, Carolina Pinzón Ospina , Jorge Medina-Parra, Yeny Marjorie Cuéllar-Fernández, Samuel Durán-Agüero, Ricardo Alfonso Merchán Chaverra
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
