Factores de riesgo de origen nutricional asociados al desarrollo de debilidad adquirida en la unidad de cuidados intensivos: revisión narrativa

Alan Garcia-Grimaldo; Alejandra Desirée Huerta-Vega; Luis César Reyes-Moreno; Jaciel Gallardo Gómez; Marycarmen Godínez-Victoria

doi:10.35454/rncm.v6n2.503

Autores

Alan Garcia-Grimaldo Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2842-0731
Alejandra Desirée Huerta-Vega Hospital General de Acámbaro Miguel Hidalgo
Luis César Reyes-Moreno Hospital Star Médica Roma
Jaciel Gallardo Gómez Hospital General Regional "Dr Bernardo Sepúlveda Gutiérrez"
Marycarmen Godínez-Victoria , Instituto Politécnico Nacional

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35454/rncm.v6n2.503

Palavras-chave:

polineuropatia adquirida, doença crítica, composição corporal, hiperglicemia, autofagia, restrição calórica

Resumo

A fraqueza adquirida na unidade de terapia intensiva (DA-UCI) é definida como a diminuição da força e da funcionalidade muscular em pacientes críticos sem outra causa possível além da condição crítica. Diferentes fatores de risco associados ao desenvolvimento de DA-UCI têm sido relatados, os quais têm efeito parcial ou total na deterioração das fibras musculares; no entanto, alguns dos fatores de risco associados ao estado nutricional ainda são considerados de menor prioridade, devido à falta de conscientização de seus benefícios clínicos. O objetivo desta revisão narrativa é coletar informações sobre fatores de risco modificáveis de origem nutricional relacionados ao desenvolvimento de DA-UCI e fornecer recomendações para sua prevenção. Foi realizada uma busca de informação em bases de dados e mecanismos de busca de literatura científica em inglês e espanhol (PubMed, Springer Link e Medline) com os termos MeSH: “acquired polyneuropathy”, “critical illness”, “body composition”, “hyperglycemia”, “autophagy”, “caloric restriction”. Diferentes fatores de risco de origem nutricional têm sido propostos; no entanto, não há evidência conclusiva sobre sua relação com a prevenção de DA-UCI. A identificação de fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de DA-UCI, principalmente aqueles potencialmente modificáveis, é a principal estratégia de prevenção dessa entidade clínica. São necessárias informações adicionais sobre sua relação com o desenvolvimento de DA-UCI, principalmente de aqueles de origem nutricional.

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