Factores de riesgo de origen nutricional asociados al desarrollo de debilidad adquirida en la unidad de cuidados intensivos: revisión narrativa

Alan Garcia Grimaldo; Alejandra Desirée Huerta-Vega; Luis César Reyes-Moreno; Jaciel Gallardo Gómez; Marycarmen Godínez-Victoria

doi:10.35454/rncm.v6n2.503

Autores/as

Alan Garcia Grimaldo Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2842-0731
Alejandra Desirée Huerta-Vega
Luis César Reyes-Moreno Hospital Star Médica Roma
Jaciel Gallardo Gómez Hospital General Regional "Dr Bernardo Sepúlveda Gutiérrez"
Marycarmen Godínez-Victoria

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35454/rncm.v6n2.503

Palabras clave:

polineuropatía adquirida, enfermedad crítica, composición corporal, hiperglucemia, autofagia, restricción calórica

Resumen

La debilidad adquirida en la unidad de cuidados intensivos (DA-UCI) se define como la disminución de fuerza y funcionalidad muscular en pacientes críticamente enfermos sin otra posible causa más que la condición crítica. Se han reportado diferentes factores de riesgo asociados al desarrollo de DA-UCI los cuales tienen un efecto parcial o total sobre el deterioro de las fibras musculares; no obstante, algunos de los factores de riesgo asociados al estado nutricional se siguen considerando de menor prioridad, debido a la falta de concientización sobre sus beneficios clínicos. El objetivo de la presente revisión narrativa es recolectar información sobre factores de riesgos modificables de origen nutricional relacionados con el desarrollo de DA-UCI y proporcionar recomendaciones para su prevención. Se realizó una búsqueda de información en bases de datos y motores de búsqueda de literatura científica en inglés y español (PubMed, Springer Link y Medline) con los términos MeSH: “acquired polyneuropathy”, “critical illness”, “body composition”, “hyperglycemia”, “autophagy”, “caloric restriction”. Se han propuesto diferentes factores de riesgo de origen nutricional; sin embargo, no existe evidencia contundente sobre su relación con la prevención de DA-UCI. La identificación de los factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de DA-UCI, principalmente de aquellos potencialmente modificables, es la principal estrategia para la prevención de esta entidad clínica. Se requiere información adicional sobre su relación con el desarrollo de DA-UCI, sobre todo de aquellos de origen nutricional.

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Citas

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