Malnutrición hospitalaria: etiología y criterios para su diagnóstico y clasificación

Eduardo Lobatón

doi:10.35454/rncm.v3n1.019

Autores

Eduardo Lobatón

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35454/rncm.v3n1.019

Palavras-chave:

Desnutrição hospitalar, Resposta inflamatória, Caquexia, GLIM

Resumo

A desnutrição hospitalar é de alta prevalência no mundo, relatando até 30% - 50%. Diferentemente do observado em saúde pública, esta é caracterizada pela ativação e instalação da resposta inflamatória de maneia aguda ou crónica e uma resposta atenuada ao suporte nutricional. Por isso, os parâmetros tradicionais para o diagnóstico de desnutrição em saúde pública, como a albumina, falharam em sua aplicação na área clínica e forçaram a repensar os critérios utilizados para o diagnóstico de desnutrição hospitalar sob nova perspetiva. Tanto a Sociedade Americana de Nutrição Enteral e Parenteral (ASPEN, por em inglês), como a Academia Americana de Nutrição e Dietética (AND) e, posteriormente, a Sociedade Europeia de Nutrição Clínica e Metabolismo (ESPEN, por em inglês) emitiram consensos para o diagnóstico e classificação da desnutrição hospitalar. Recentemente, a iniciativa global de liderança em desnutrição (GLIM), tomando como base estes consensos, propôs uma nova classificação a partir de uma abordagem mais global. Este artigo analisa vários conceitos sobre esse tópico.

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