Estado nutricional de pacientes en una sala de rehabilitación posterapia intensiva por COVID-19

Julieta Adaglio; Luisina del Rio; Mirta Antonini; Romina Sayar

doi:10.35454/rncm.v7n2.576

Autores/as

Julieta Adaglio Hospital General de Agudos Juan A. Fernández. Cerviño 3356, CABA, Argentina.
Luisina del Rio Hospital General de Agudos Juan A. Fernández. Cerviño 3356, CABA, Argentina.
Mirta Antonini Hospital General de Agudos Juan A. Fernández. Cerviño 3356, CABA, Argentina.
Romina Sayar Hospital General de Agudos Juan A. Fernández. Cerviño 3356, CABA, Argentina.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35454/rncm.v7n2.576

Palabras clave:

dinamometría manual, COVID-19, desnutrición, evaluación nutricional, rehabilitación

Resumen

Introducción: la estancia prolongada en la unidad de terapia intensiva (UTI) es un factor de riesgo de desnutrición. Una intervención nutricional temprana con rehabilitación hospitalaria intensiva permite recuperar la fuerza muscular y el estado nutricional.

Objetivo: determinar la evolución del estado nutricional de pacientes post-UTI por COVID-19 en una sala de rehabilita- ción (SaRIP).

Métodos: estudio descriptivo, prospec- tivo en pacientes internados en la SaRIP luego de estancia prolongada en la UTI por COVID-19. Se evaluó peso e índice de masa corporal (IMC) en tres momentos, estado nutricional según la valoración glo- bal subjetiva (VGS) y fuerza muscular con dinamometría manual en dos momentos. Se calculó la media y la desviación están- dar (DE), y se evaluó la asociación entre variables con la prueba chi-cuadrado o la de Fisher y Wilcoxon, considerándose un nivel de significancia de p <0,05.

Resultados: se incluyeron 42 pacientes, 69,00 % hombres, con una edad media de 57,2 ± 13 años. La media de IMC al ingreso a la SaRIP fue de 26,82 ± 5,32 kg/m2 y en el alta de 26,99 ± 5,15 kg/m2 (p = 0,736). Según la VGS, un 88,10 % presentó desnu- trición al ingreso y 42,86 % al egreso (p = 0,002). El 50,00 % presentó incremento de peso con una media de 2,73 ± 2,07 kg y el 100 % incremento de fuerza de agarre con una media de 3,97 ± 3,64 kg.

Conclusiones: la mayoría de los pacien- tes ingresó a la SaRIP con desnutrición y en el alta se observó mejoría del estado nu- tricional, aunque gran parte continuó con alguna alteración y necesidad de suple- mentación oral y seguimiento nutricional.

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