Actividad física y nutrición en la educación médica

Gustavo Tovar Mojica; Erika Viviana Ladino Marín

doi:10.35454/rncm.v2n2.005

Autores/as

Gustavo Tovar Mojica
Erika Viviana Ladino Marín https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5034-0818

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35454/rncm.v2n2.005

Palabras clave:

ejercicio, salud pública, curriculum, Enfermedades no transmisibles

Resumen

Las enfermedades no transmisibles (ENT) son la principal causa de muerte en todo el mundo (70 %). En Colombia mueren por ENT 178.000 personas al año, 73 % de todas las muertes, debido, en gran medida, a las malas prácticas en los estilos de vida, especialmente inactividad física, sobrealimentación y tabaquismo. En Colombia, el exceso de peso ha aumentado en la población adulta de 18 a 65 años (56,5 %) mientras que el porcentaje de personas adultas que cumplen las recomendaciones de actividad física (51,3 %) ha venido en descenso. El médico, y en general el personal de salud, tienen un papel fundamental para ayudar a los pacientes y sus familias en la construcción de un estilo de vida saludable. Los temas de actividad física y nutrición deben ser parte obligatoria de los currículos de las carreras de salud. Para el tema de nutrición se recomienda centrar la instrucción en cuatro ejes: nutrición básica, diagnóstico clínico nutricional, intervención nutricional y tratamiento dietario de la enfermedad, y en el tema de actividad física se recomienda que la intervención se enfoque en cuatro aspectos: evaluación de la actividad física y de la condición física, prescripción e implementación del ejercicio, consejería y estrategias de cambio comportamental y salud del personal médico. Se muestra la experiencia de los autores con el programa de Medicina del Deporte de la Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad del Rosario

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Citas

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