Eficacia de la suplementación con omega 3 en pacientes oncológicos: revisión sistemática y metaanálisis
Palabras clave:
ácidos grasos omega-3, quimioterapia, radioterapia, cáncer, malnutriciónResumen
Introdu
Introducción: el cáncer afecta el estado nutricional de los pacientes, destacando la necesidad de buscar estrategias nutricionales para abordarlo. Objetivo: evaluar la eficacia de la suplementación con aceite o cápsulas de omega 3 a nivel de parámetros nutricionales e inflamatorios de pacientes oncológicos en tratamiento activo. Métodos: se realizó revisión sistemática para identificar ensayos clínicos controlados. El desenlace primario fue el cambio de peso. Se realizó metaanálisis usando software RevMan. Resultados: se incluyeron siete estudios (participantes n=262). La dosis administrada osciló entre 0,60 a 2,45 g y la intervención se extendió entre 45 días y tres meses. Se observó que los pacientes suplementados perdieron menos peso que aquellos no expuestos al omega 3 (Diferencia Estandarizada de Medias (SMD)= 3,99; IC 95,00 % 2,40-5,57), pero no se encontraron diferencias significativas en el índice de masa corporal (IMC) (SMD= 0,73; IC 95,00% -0,11-1,58) ni en los valores de albúmina (SMD= -0,23; IC 95,00 % -0,26-0,71) y proteína C reactiva (PCR) (SMD= -4,01; IC 95,00 % -15,59-7,57). Los resultados están limitados por el número de estudios incluidos y la heterogeneidad de los mismos. Conclusiones: la suplementación con omega 3 mostró aminorar la pérdida de peso de los pacientes oncológicos en tratamiento activo (quimioterapia y/o radioterapia), pero no presentó efectos beneficiosos en el IMC ni en los valores de albúmina y PCR.
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Derechos de autor 2024 Delfina Bressan Otegui, Evelyn Santilli Bourse, Juan Sebastian Lasa
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
