Nutritional recommendations in palliative care for patients with advanced diseases and at the end of life

Giovanna Muscogiuri; Lugi Barrera; Maria de los Angeles Carignano; Florencia Ceriani

doi:10.35454/rncm.v4n2.272

Authors

Giovanna Muscogiuri Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità, Department of Clinical Medecine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, Unversity Medicla School of Naples http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8809-4931
Lugi Barrera Dipartamento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9054-456X
Maria de los Angeles Carignano Intensive Care Unit, Sanatorio Franchín, Buenos Aires, Argentina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0189-1787
Florencia Ceriani Escuela de Nutrición https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2105-8044

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35454/rncm.v4n2.272

Keywords:

Palliative care, Nutritional support, Quality of life, End of life

Abstract

Palliative care (PC) is based on a multidisciplinary approach to the patient and their family to prevent and alleviate the suffering of the patient, promoting and maintaining an optimal quality of life until death. Food plays a fundamental role in people’s lives. Beyond nutrition, the fact that dying people have anorexia as part of their symptoms is difficult to accept as it means admitting death. A multidisciplinary plan to nutrition is essential, adapting to the disease stage and always considering that the benefits must outweigh the possible adverse effects. As an integral part of PC, artificial nutrition and hydration (ANH) can increase survival and improve quality of life in selected patients based on their pathology. Therefore, nutritional support should be prescribed according to the patient’s disease stage, energy and protein requirements, analyzing tolerability, and above all, respecting the wishes of the patient, family or caregiver. It is essential to know the patient, family, or caregivers’ preferences and achieve efficient communication within the health team. By doing so, it is possible to reach a shared understanding of the goals of palliative treatment among all members involved. This narrative review aims to describe the general and specific nutritional recommendations in the advanced stage and at the end of life phase of some of the primary diseases in which PCs play a vital part in offering a complete treatment to these specific patients

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