Malnutrición hospitalaria: etiología y criterios para su diagnóstico y clasificación

Eduardo Lobatón

doi:10.35454/rncm.v3n1.019

Autores/as

Eduardo Lobatón

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35454/rncm.v3n1.019

Palabras clave:

Malnutrición hospitalaria, Respuesta inflamatoria, Caquexia, GLIM

Resumen

La malnutrición hospitalaria (desnutrición) es de alta prevalencia en el mundo, reportándose hasta 30 % - 50 %. A diferencia de la observada en salud pública, esta se caracteriza por la activación e instalación de la respuesta inflamatoria de manera aguda o crónica, y una atenuada respuesta al soporte nutricional. Es por ello que parámetros tradicionales para el diagnóstico de malnutrición en salud pública como la albúmina han fracasado en su aplicación en el área clínica y obligado a replantear los criterios usados para el diagnóstico de malnutrición hospitalaria desde esta nueva perspectiva. Tanto la Sociedad Americana de Nutrición Enteral y Parenteral (ASPEN, por sus siglas en inglés), como la Academia Americana de Nutrición y Dietética (AND, por sus siglas en inglés) y posteriormente la Sociedad Europea de Nutrición Clínica y Metabolismo (ESPEN, por sus siglas en inglés) han emitido consensos para el diagnóstico y clasificación de la malnutrición hospitalaria. Recientemente la iniciativa de Liderazgo Global de Malnutrición (GLIM, siglas en inglés), tomando como base estos consensos, ha planteado una nueva clasificación desde un enfoque más global. El presente artículo revisa varios conceptos alrededor de este tema.

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Citas

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